Eventos de oralidade em aulas de língua portuguesa: um estudo de caso

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar el tratamiento ofrecido al estudio de la lenguaje en la modalidad oral en clases de lengua portuguesa en los 3�� y 4�� ciclos del Nivel Fundamental a la luz de concepciones sociointeracionistas de lenguaje. Para tal, tomamos como referencia las contribuciones de Bakhtin (1992) Marcuschi (2005), Batista (2001), Antunes (2009), Bagno (2002), Suassuna (2009), Ramos (2002), Castilho (2000), Oliveira (2003), entre otros, como tambi��n tomamos como referencia los objetivos establecidos en los programas oficiales, entre los cuales est��n los PCN de lengua portuguesa, el PNLD y el regimiento escolar. El campo de pesquisa seleccionado fue una escuela p��blica de la ciudad de Parnamirim donde los datos fueran colectados en visitas, en las entrevistas grabadas con los sujetos y tambi��n durante las observaciones a las clases. Hecho estos procedimientos de coleta de datos se hizo su an��lisis que estuvo vinculada al referencial te��rico. Los resultados de la pesquisa indican caracter��sticas en el tratamiento ofrecido al lenguaje oral que refleja, principalmente, una concepci��n de lengua y lenguaje adoptada por los profesores a��n muy vinculada a las concepciones estructuralistas, sin lograr una pr��ctica que contemple la oralidad como objeto de estudio

A pr��tica de corre����o textual por professoras de língua portuguesa do ensino m��dio

Cette recherche analyse les pratiques de correction de textes de l'enseignement du 1, 2 et 3 ��me niveau. Nous avons parti de discutions avec les professeurs de Langue Portugaise des troisi��mes ann��es d���une ��cole appartenant au enseignement publique, situ��e �� la ville d���Assu RN. L'��tude a les postulats th��oriques de Cruz (2007), Dellagnelo (1998), Oliveira (2005), P��cora (1999), Ruiz (2001), Serafini (1989), et d���autres. La m��thodologie est de nature qualitative et d���interpretation, dont le mat��riel a ��t�� constitu�� �� partir des rapports des enseignants professionnels, ainsi que les 92 textes recueillies entre juillet et ao��t 2008. Les d��s montrent que la correction se configure comme un travail pratique, qui vise �� aider les ��tudiants �� am��liorer leur ��criture. Les professeurs font la correction d���une forme m��lang��e, c'est-��-dire dans le texte apparaissent les corrections orthographiques, lexicales, etc., mais la pr��dominance de la correction est par rapport aux id��es, pour le contenu du texte. Dans ce sens, les professeurs se rendent compte du valeur et de la hi��rarchisation des id��es discut��es par les ��l��ves, les reconna��tre comme l'organisation de la s��mantique et la s��quence du texte. Tous les autres aspects (structurelles, grammaticaux) sont importants, cependant, en g��n��ral, dans la pratique de correction des ��tudes, l���exposition les id��es occupent une place importante. Les marques de correction apparaissent sous la forme de petits billets, qui appr��cie ��galement toutes les ��tapes de l'��criture de texte

Vozes em di��logo na escola : uma an��lise de posicionamentos sobre a disciplina língua portuguesa no ensino m��dio integrado �� educa����o profissional do IFRN

Esta investigaci��n toma como tema la asignatura Lengua Portuguesa en el contexto de la ense��anza media integrada a la educaci��n profesional, implementado en el a��o de 2005, en el Instituto Federal de Educa����o, ci��ncia y tecnolog��a del Rio Grande do Norte. En el ��mbito general, objetiva analizar las voces reveladas en posicionamientos sobre la asignatura Lengua Portuguesa en este contexto. En este estudio, el uso del adjetivo integrado es comprendido como revelador de una formaci��n escolar no basada en investigaciones dicot��micas, sobre todo en aquellas que evidencian una separaci��n entre el conocimiento y el ejercicio profesional. Se busc�� aporte te��rico en los debates del ��rea de educaci��n, sobre formaci��n integrada, en la visi��n de contemporaneidad de Bauman y en la concepci��n de lenguaje de M. Bakhtin. El corpus se compone de material emp��rico de la naturaleza cuantitativa y cualitativa, obtenido por medio de aplicaci��n de cuestionarios con alumnos y profesionales, adem��s del an��lisis documental de los PCNEM y de las OCEM, a lo que se refiere a asignatura Lengua Portuguesa. El direccionamiento metodol��gico es guiado por el paradigma cualitativo inserido en una perspectiva socio-hist��rica y eligi�� como categor��a de an��lisis el concepto de voces sociales. Los resultados indican que la asignatura Lengua Portuguesa, en la perspectiva de integraci��n con el mundo del trabajo, adquiere, en mayor o menor grado, en lo observado en los documentos oficiales y en los posicionamientos de alumnos y profesionales de la ense��anza media integrada a la educaci��n profesional del IFRN, un perfil cuya esencia, lejos de asumir caracter��sticas de una ense��anza instrumental reductora, requiere una concepci��n de lenguaje que est�� en sinton��a con el mundo del trabajo de la sociedad contempor��nea, una sociedad cada vez m��s abierta a la pluralidad de opiniones y a la ambivalencia de sentidos

Letramento liter��rio na escola: o poema na aula de língua portuguesa no ensino m��dio

Esta investigaci��n est�� incluida en las discusiones sobre las relaciones entre literatura y ense��anza, recortando el lugar de las escritas po��ticas en las clases de Lengua Portuguesa en la Ense��anza Media. En t��rminos epistemol��gicos, nuestra reflexi��n problematiza, entre otras cuestiones, el desplazamiento que ocurre cuando las manifestaciones literarias se apartan de sus soportes originales y se adentran a las escenas de la clase de lengua materna, transform��ndose en objeto de ense��anza y contenido did��ctico. En el ��mbito de las pr��cticas escolarizadas de la lectura literaria en la Ense��anza Media, nuestra reflexi��n tiene como objeto la didactizaci��n del g��nero textual poema. En esa etapa de la ense��anza, el poema como componente curricular a��n no est�� definido. Eso es ocasionado, de modo general, por dos razones: por la naturaleza espec��fica del g��nero y por los procedimientos did��cticopedag��gicos utilizados cuando se hace la lectura del poema en clase. En relaci��n al modelo consagrado de la ense��anza de literatura en la Ense��anza Media, apoyado en la descripci��n de la historia de la literatura brasile��a a trav��s de esquemas cronol��gicos de movimientos est��tico-culturales, pretendemos hacer un desplazamiento en lo que respecta a ese abordaje y situar el letramiento literario a partir de las formas l��ricas recurrentes en la producci��n literaria en Brasil, en la perspectiva de la ense��anza de la lengua mediada por el estudio del texto. Para tanto, utilizaremos como aporte te��rico las siguientes ��reas del conocimiento: la teor��a literaria, la ling����stica aplicada y la pedagog��a de la ense��anza de lengua materna

Consumo c(l)iente: abordagem do g��nero an��ncio publicit��rio em livros did��ticos de língua portuguesa do ensino m��dio

Portuguese language textbooks, according to what has been preconized on the official document to education, have been configured on discursive genres imported from diverse spheres of human activity. Adverts, genre of ample social circulation, spread from the Advertising sphere to the schools and started being approached by these collectaneas as an object and a tool for teaching. Therefore, this research deals with the approach of ads in Portugese textbooks. These discursive practices matter for the impact or appeal they exert over the (new) consumers, among which High School students; for their representation in the capitalist system, which guides us on our relationships and social practices; and for the mix of languages that end up at their composition, once they encapsulate the spirit of our time, par excellence, the one from the verbal-visual genres. To understand the treatment given to these advertising pieces, from questions/commentaries related to them, two collections were selected by the Programa Nacional do Livro Did��tico ��� Textbook National Program (PNLD 2012) among the ones more used by public High Schools in Natal/RN. From Applied Linguistics, from mestizo, nomadic and inter/transdisciplinary identity (MOITA LOPES, 2009), this study falls within the discursive chain of the interpretive tradition of historical-cultural approach (FREITAS, 2010) and names the Bakhtin Circle and its language���s dialogical conception as inescapable partners. The data of the colletaneas show that the genre approach can happen as concrete utterance, as linguistic artifact and as hybrid, at work with questions and without questions, with the predominance of its occurrence in the portion of the volume devoted to the study of grammar. In the literature chapters and production/interpretation of compositions, it insert is incipient or it doesn���t happen in the volume. Such a provision has implications for multiliteracies (ROJO, 2012) of the citizen student, once the lack or the abundance of critical reading proposals for this genre, that demand from the student the exercise of knowledge that is necessary to the construction of linguistic and social meanings, can be responsible for guide to a more conscious consumerism (material and cultural) by the chief customers of the work under review. The approaches of the genres seems to indicate a gradual transition that such material have undergone, which means, from the focus on clauses to the focus on utterances, or even the approach as linguistic artifact to hybrid and the concrete utterance, in search of overcoming the traditional tendency of taking advantage of formal aspects of the language, to the detriment of enunciative ones, and for coming into harmony with the guidelines and parameters of teaching in contemporary times, bringing the school duties close to the rights in life.

A injun����o em livros did��ticos de língua portuguesa do 4�� e 5�� anos do ensino fundamental

This investigation aims at identifying, describing, analyzing and interpreting how textbooks on Portuguese Language approach, beginning with the linguistic material, the effects of sense in texts that predominately employ injunctives. The corpus of this study is comprised of six collections of textbooks on Portuguese Language, which are part of the National Program Guide for Textbooks (PNLD) from 2010, adopted by the public schools in the city of Natal and the object of study for the Read/Tell Project of the Educational Observatory of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Textbooks from the 4th and 5th grades, Elementary School, were analyzed ��� 12 copies total. For the analysis, we selected 16 writing proposals of injunctive texts. Our study is based on theoretical discussions by Adam (2001a, 2001b) with regard to the genre of: inciting to action. In addition, we consider the work of Koch and F��vero (1987), Koch and Elias (2009), Marcuschi (2003, 2008) Pery-Woodly (2001), Rodrigues (2013), Travaglia (1992, 2007) and Rosa (2007). With respect to discussions on textbooks, we refer to Choppin (2004, 2009), Batista (2003, 2009), Rojo e Batista (2005), and with regard to Portuguese Language textbooks specifically, we consider Soares (1998, 2001, 2004) and Bunzen and Rojo (2005). The proposals for writing in injunctive texts, in the collections analyzed, are tips/recommendations, instructions on making toys and/or games, travel itineraries and cooking recipes, such that 69% of them appear in the 4 th grade textbooks and only 31% appear in the 5th grade textbooks. With respect to the linguistic elements responsible for the construction of directive speech acts and the effects on sense produced by them, the data shows that 50% of the writing proposals do not exploit linguistic categories that implicate the effects on sense using injunctives, or rather, there is no work done dealing with linguistic analysis, while 33% mention the imperative mode and 17% investigate infinitive verbs. In this dissertation, the textual plans of incitation to act genres were studied and in them the linguistic materiality that vehicles injunction. This study might contribute to the improvement of Portuguese language teaching in what concerns the articulation of grammatical studies to textual sequences/types, mainly in the case of Portuguese language textbooks for the 4th and 5th grades of Elementary School.

Referencia����o anaf��rica :as an��foras n��o-correfereciais no livro did��tico da língua portuguesa

On recent years, it has been observed an increasing interest on referentiation processes, which involves an important field of Text Linguistics and Discourse Analysis studies. The existence of a significant number of international and national publications which focus on this perspective corroborate this finding. Given the textbook importance as a teaching instrument, and the relevance of the referentiation processes to text production and comprehension, we realize that the study of these two topics articulation is taken as a relevant research theme, with consequences to the improvement of Portuguese Language teaching. Taking this into consideration, we intend to analyze the non-coreference anaphors in texts of Portuguese Language textbooks from fifth to eighth grades, adopted in many schools of Pau dos Ferros RN, considering the frequency, genre, kind of anaphor and manifestation form. This study is classified as a documental and qualitative research. We have found out that the indirect anaphor was used in more than a half of the corpus. We have found out, as well, that the literary and press genres do not favor the use of labeling and metadiscursive anaphors. On the other hand, concerning the indirect anaphor, it is clear its abundant use in the literary genre. In what concerns the manifestation forms, we have verified that on labeling and metadiscursive anaphors it is significant the predominance of demonstrative pronouns working as determiners. On the indirect anaphor, we have verified that most of the occurrences do not present a determiner, and for the ones which present it, the majority occurs under the form of definite and indefinite articles. We believe that this work can contribute to the activities which involve questions related to text production and comprehension, since the referentiation processes are intimately related to them

Eensino de língua portuguesa: da forma����o do professor �� sala de aula

La reflexi��n cr��tica sobre la escuela y los quehaceres docentes ha favorecido la producci��n y la sistematizaci��n de nuevos saberes basados en fundamentos cient��ficos, principalmente sobre las pr��cticas pedag��gicas. En la ense��anza de Lengua Portuguesa, las investigaciones buscan comprender lo qu�� y c��mo se ense��a y se aprende durante la escolarizaci��n. En esa perspectiva, realizamos un estudio sobre la formaci��n del profesor de Lengua Portuguesa y sus implicaciones en la clase, buscando observar la actuaci��n de los alumnos-maestros en el contexto escolar, durante la realizaci��n de las Pr��cticas. Para tanto, elegimos como objetivo general, investigar c��mo la carrera de Filolog��a de la UFRN/CERES/Campus de Currais Novos promov��a la formaci��n de futuros profesores para atender a las expectativas de las pol��ticas p��blicas para la ense��anza de Lengua Materna. Como referencial te��rico, estudiamos los PCN, el proyecto pol��tico pedag��gico de la carrera y autores del ��rea de ense��anza de Lengua Portuguesa y de Educaci��n, entre ellos, Geraldi (1996), Travaglia (1996, 2003), Antunes (2003, 2007, 2009 y 2010), Lomas (2003), Figueiredo (2005), Marcuschi (2001, 2008), Oliveira (2010), Riolfi et al. (2008), Possenti (2003), Alarc��o (1996, 2001) Imbern��n (2011), Pimenta y Lima (2010) y Sch��n (1993). El estudio est�� situado en el ��mbito de la Ling����stica Aplicada y se caracteriza como investigaci��n cualitativa de naturaleza interpretativista, a partir de un abordaje de inspiraci��n etnogr��fica del ambiente de las Pr��cticas. En los resultados constatamos que los alumnos-maestros privilegian la ense��anza prescriptiva, fundamentado en una concepci��n de lengua como sistema, direccionando la ense��anza de la lengua para la direcci��n contraria al abordaje funcionalista (lengua / uso), distanci��ndose considerablemente de la propuesta de formar un alumno cr��tico y agente de transformaci��n. Respecto a la visi��n de los alumnos-maestros sobre la carrera, fueron listadas algunas cuestiones relevantes, entre ellas, los contenidos que hacen parte de la carrera, la distribuci��n de la carga horaria de los componentes curriculares, la revisi��n de las ementas, la oferta de asignaturas de inclusi��n social, la reorganizaci��n de las actividades de la pr��ctica en relaci��n al acompa��amiento y orientaci��n a los alumnos-maestros y, especialmente, la desarticulaci��n teor��a / pr��ctica que fue considerada como responsable por muchas de las dificultades encontradas por los referidos alumnos en la fase de regencia de clase en la ense��anza de Lengua Portuguesa en los niveles de ense��anza fundamental y media. De ese modo, a partir del an��lisis de estos significados construidos por los alumnos-maestros sobre el proceso de formaci��n en esa carrera de Letras, constatamos la necesidad de una revisi��n del proyecto de la carrera, pues ��ste presenta esas fragilidades que necesitan ser analizadas en funci��n de la mejor��a de la calidad de la ense��anza de la graduaci��n

O ensino da língua portuguesa na televis��o: uma an��lise atrav��s do programa afinando a língua

The present dissertation aims to an approach of the teaching of Portuguese language on television, trying to find how possible is the contribution of this communication media in the sense to give a higher classroom dynamism and to excite the students for that subject. The TV show Afinando a Língua (roughly, putting the language in tune ), a Canal Futura feature, have as one of these main purpose be shown on the classrooms as a tool that could enlarge the possibilities of a subject often took as particularly difficult. Blocked by the traditional grammatical teaching, the Portuguese lessons have been for years pictured as hermetic and far from the Brazilian speakers reality. So, people create myths around the language that earns adjectives as complicate and inaccessible and that Brazilians can t speak the Portuguese really good, because it only happens in Portugal, the original country of the language. These myths start exactly because the teaching orientation take their basis only on the standard language, in fact just one of the language variations by the way, anywhere in the world dictated by ancestral rules, once produced in Portugal. The regular school don t accept the Portuguese variation as a natural fact for a huge country as Brazil, with almost 190 million people, regarding it as a wrong way of talking. The repression that follows the students from the early school days make them repel the language supposedly learned at school. In fact, they normally face it as something unfamiliar, different from the language that they have use to learn at home, from the family and neighbors Instead of giving new possibilities for the language learning, the television, a powerful audiovisual device, only reinforces the idea that everyone, in any life situation, should talk the standard Portuguese, turning its back to the learning acquired much earlier that any person reach the school. This conservative attitude brings almost no changes, between the shows that try to teach the idiom and the traditional Portuguese lessons, wasting valuable tools that could lead to the possibility to open the classroom to the outside world, and to the wider knowledge of the differences from each Brazilian region culture, a positive attitude that could much enlarge the cultural and linguistic students universe

A oralidade no ensino de Língua Portuguesa em livros did��ticos para educa����o de jovens e adultos (EJA): reflex��es e proposi����es

This work appears as a reflection on the oral modality of the language in the teaching of Portuguese Language from textbooks proposed for the elementary school. It has as main aim to analyze the textbooks for the Youth and Adult Education - EJA (6th and 7th grade), the collection "It is time to learn", specifically in regard to educational activities focusing on oral proposals in their constituent units. It is a process of reflection with a view to submitting suggestions arising from the discussions held, given the fact that the writing mode has been identified by some scholars, between these Marcuschi (2005), as the most privileged in the classroom and in most manuals that guide the teaching of Portuguese Language. In this work, we start from a broader vision from the principles of dialogic pedagogy by Paulo Freire perspectives towards pedagogical practices that favor the development of linguistic and discursive student skills. In this sense, we emphasize the formation of a critical subject, who can argue and defend points of view, using oral or written language, in various social situations. In this view, this paper set up aims to identify, describe and interpret the activities proposed to the oral modality of Portuguese Language, from interactional theoretical bases, based on authors as Marcuschi (2005, 2010), F��vero, Andrade and Aquino (1999) Schneuwly and Dolz (2004), Antunes (2009), among others. In addition, the objective was to suggest other educational activities, as a way of expanding the existing ones, in order that addressed more efficiently, to aspects of orality been proposed and aspects of formal oral genres. Methodologically, it is a qualitative research, in which, from the teaching materials used in the classroom, there was a reflection on the orality and the oral teaching of the Portuguese language and has been proposed an expansion of activities one oral mode. In this reflection, analysis of the results revealed that the books investigated, used in Portuguese classes in EJA, include in their proposals orality as an object and teaching axis. However, we appoint the need to expand the teaching proposals with the existing activities in order to give greater emphasis to important aspects of orality already prioritized, and also to address to the formal public genres. In seeking to make suggestions and educational proposals that integrate with existing, we postulated the most effective development for oral skills for the EJA student, in Freire's perspective, as also we thought in a way to provide subsidies which could guide teachers of the Portuguese Language area at the fundamental level of education.

Olimp��ada de Língua Portuguesa: ressignifica����o de pr��ticas de leitura e escrita

The search for new meanings in the basic education teaching-learning process has caused the development of public policies for mother language teaching, such as the Portuguese Language Olympics (OLP). To contribute to this search, this intervention project has as object of study reading and writing practices developed in the OLP through the educational model arising from literacy projects (TINOCO, 2008). In working towards, the general aim of reframing reading and writing practices through the PLO, developed from the teaching model that comes of literacy projects, we established three specific objectives: a) reflect on a national writing contest; b) to realign conceptual and methodological the Portuguese classes of the 7th grade school due to the developed project; c) to improve the reading and writing practices of the students in 7th grade of school where we operate. Therefore, we base ourselves in the history of Portuguese teaching in Brazil (SOARES, 2002; GERALDI, 2008), the dialogical conception of language (BAKHTIN, VOLOCH��NOV [1929] 2009; SOARES, 1998; FARACO, 2009) in Literacy Studies (KLEIMAN, 2001, 2005, 2006; TINOCO, 2008; OLIVEIRA; TINOCO; SANTOS, 2011; STREET, 2014), the learning community concept (AFONSO, 2001), in studies of retextualization (OLIVEIRA, 2005; MARCUSCHI, 2010), gender discursive literary memories (CLARA; ALTENFELDER; ALMEIDA, 20--), in written evidence (POSSENTI, 2002) and Textual Linguistics (MARCUSCHI, 2008; ANTUNES, 2009; KOCH, 2011; SILVA [et. al.], 2013). Methodologically, this qualitative research (L��DKE; ANDR��, 1986; ANDR��, 2005) is anchored in Applied Linguistics (MOITA LOPES, 1996). This research was supporting by students in the 7th grade, teachers, management team and parents, as well as people outside of school community. The instruments used for the generation of data were semi-structured interview, students��� texts, audio recordings and video, photos, OLP material (teacher's book, a collection of texts and CD-ROM). The data generated allowed us to establish the following categories of analysis in relation to the texts produced: authorship, in formativeness, discursive progression, compositional structure, content, style, and language aspects. In addition, throughout the project, the collaborators have produced texts of various genres: oral interview and written request letter, legal, literary memories, oral and experience report. Also experienced a local award and participated in a national competition. They produced a video and a book with stories and student authorship of illustrations. The results achieved show that the literacy project developed also allowed macro changes: reading and writing practices, once considered strictly school studied, they were transformed into broader social practices, through which various literacy agents were able to collaboratively act. In short, they experienced writing practices that go beyond the classroom and the teacher-student relationship.

A tirinha c��mica em quest��o: atividades de leitura no livro did��tico de língua portuguesa

You can see nowadays a more constant questioning about the validity and effectiveness of the practices of teaching reading currently introduced in elementary school. The intelligibilities generated from many voices, and built on the border between many consciences, it can contribute to understand and to some extent, alleviate skewed or outdated understandings about the teaching of reading and its goals in the school environment. By understanding the dynamics of these practices, which always need to be modified because of new social demands, we recognize the validity of working with the prospect of reading in its historical, social and dialogic dimension (Bakhtin, 1981, 2003). The Portuguese language textbook (LDP), in turn, being one of the fundamental bases of reading in school, makes a justified and necessary active production of knowledge about the theoretical and methodological conceptions that underlie the work with reading and on how that work is effectively routed. Our aim in this essay is precisely analyze reading activities in four Portuguese textbooks (Teacher s Manuals) for the 6th grade of elementary school, focusing on the proposed activities from a specific discursive genre, in this case, the comic strip. Through this research, we retrieve and list the goals that guide the development of reading activities in the LDP, and then verify a compliance or not of these objectives in directing the activities. Finally, we describe how the reading practices that involve the strip in the textbook can legitimize or reject the reading as an area of construction and circulation of meanings between socio-historically located subjects. We take account of studies on the nature and constitution of language (BAKHTIN, 1981, 2003, 2010; BAKHTIN/ VOLOSHINOV, 2006; SOUZA, 2002; GERALDI, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2006; ROJO, 2008a, 2008b, among others), as well especific studies about the activities in Portuguese textbooks (MARCUSCHI, 2010; BELMIRO, 2006; MENDON��A, 2006, among others)

A aula de portugu��s no ensino m��dio: o ensino que se deseja, o ensino que se faz

Settled within the realm of a problematization towards teaching and learning the Portuguese language, this study aims to investigate the way how the Portuguese Language discipline is dealt with in Secondary School. We propose specifically to analyze the orientations of the official documents concerning the educator practice, examining the way the PCNEM proposal is approached in the didactic book, identifying the treatment given to language questions, analyzing the way the teacher uses the didactic book and verifying the relations between the official approach and the pedagogical practice. The analysis takes into account the several discourses concerning school literacy, considering the various political-educational instances which institutionalize the teaching of the mother tongue - where we locate the teaching that is wanted . In what teachers and students say in their activities and concerning them - the realm of the teaching that is performed - we presuppose that there are signs of the principles - or conceptions - that orientate what they understand by language, teaching and learning. Such evidences are considered within the interrelation of the enunciative places where this literacy is promoted: the public policies concerning education - focusing the language questions - the academic researches about those questions, the educator formation and capacitation and the very school practices in the complexity of their discoursive inter-subjectivity. The principles - or conceptions - are pursued in what is said (or not) about what is done (or not) in the classroom when dealing with the Portuguese Language. The corpus is made up of oral and written texts produced in Portuguese classes in the Secondary School at a public school in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Situated in the realm of Applied Linguistics, the research is conducted in a qualitative and interpretative perspective, following the ethnography of communication procedures and the contributions of the Functional Linguistics. In the observations, language conceptions were discerned, among others, besides beliefs and representations where the theoretical and practical aspects, professional roles, expectations and uncertainties were diluted.

A escrita dos professores de língua portuguesa: desvelando dizeres e saberes

This documental research in a qualitative and interpretative nature is inserted in the field of Applied Linguistics and its object of study is teachers��� writing in a literacy event (public exam) held for teachers of Portuguese Language by municipality in Natal city - RN in 2008. Overall, we have aimed to investigate the textual production of these teachers, considering their knowledge about writing, their sayings in relation to themselves and their views on new technologies and teaching. Specifically, we have chosen the following objectives: a) identifying what knowledge about writing have emerged from teachers' written text; b) analyzing the written text production of teachers, considering the knowledge they have revealed about themselves; c) mapping the sayings of the teachers about the teaching profession and new technologies. Our discussion is grounded theoretically by Bakhtin studies of language (BAKHTIN [1934], 1990; [1952-1953], 2000; BAKHTIN; VOLOSHINOV [1929], 1999); in studies of critical literacy as formulated by STREET (1984, 1995, 2006, 2010, 2014); KLEIMAN (1995, 2005, 2006, 2008); (BARTON, HAMILTON, 1998; BARTON; Ivanic, 1991); studies on teacher training in critical educational perspective (GIROUX, 1986; 1987; 1997; 1999) FREIRE, 1999; 2001). The corpus of this study is consisted of written texts by participants of this examination about the Writing Test, in which they were asked to produce an opinion paper. The research has allowed us to realize that, in relation to the writing, despite the recurring negative discourse on literacy teachers, especially the Portuguese ones, these, in the fabric of their texts, both have revealed to have dominion over the formal structure, particularly in respect to prototypical schema of argumentative sequence, as proposed by Adam (1992, 2008) and the mechanisms of textualization postulated by Bronckart (2007), and on those enunciation-discursive strategies relating to opinion genre. The relevance of this research is justified by seeking to understand the teacher���s writing beyond the language system, i.e, writing as speech, assuming it as a contrapalavra (BAKHTIN, [1934], 1990) to those voices that insist on underestimating literacy teachers and they do so much harm to society, to the extent that foster a sense of disbelief in the qualification of teachers' work and distrust of the social role of these professionals in the preparation of future generations

A (n��o) assun����o da responsabilidade enunciativa em livros did��ticos de língua portuguesa dos 4�� e 5�� anos

Portuguese textbook has been the focus of many investigations, nevertheless, the theme still has much to be discussed, reflected and broadened. This conviction mobilized us to perform this research, seeking to answer three questions: (1) how does the author of the textbook induce the student to give his opinion in comprehension questions of text in Portuguese textbook of 4th and 5thgrade? Which enunciative links are used by the author of the textbook in comprehension questions of text concerning to the assumption of enunciative responsability? And (3) Which enunciative links are used by the author of the textbook in comprehension questions of text concerning to the non assumption of enunciative responsability? In this direction, we define as objective to id entify, describe, analyze and interpret how the (non) assumption of enunciative responsibility materializes itself in Portuguese textbooks. The theme is echoed in the guidelines of the Par��metros Curriculares Nacionais PCN (1998; 2001), who assume that all education committed to citizenship need to create conditions in order the student can develop his discursive competence" (BRAZIL, 1998, p. 23). This assertion of PCN (1998; 2001) is closely related to our research object, and therefore, it has corroborated to the accomplishment of this study. So, we analyze the comprehension questions of the texts that are elaborated by the authors of Portuguese textbooks of the 4th and 5th grade, used at public schools in the city of Natal-RN in 2010. As a theoretical basis, we have considered the postulates of Textual Analysis of Discourses ATD and Enunciative Linguistics. Our research was mainly based on the studies of Adam (2011), N��lke (1994; 2001; 2006; 2009; 2013), N��lke, Fl��ttum e Nor��n (2004) Rabatel (2004; 2005; 2008; 2009), Guentch��va (1994; 1996). Our data analysis revealed that the authors of Portuguese textbooks explore the reading comprehension, inducing students to answer questions that may be categorized like: (1) induction to the assumption of enunciative responsibility, (2) induction for non assumption the enunciative responsibility, (3) orientation for the study of vocabulary and grammar and (4) orientation of extra themes. The results from the comparison of the books of 4th and 5th grade of the two analyzed collections, we observed through the links of (non) responsability N��lke (1994; 2001; 2006; 2009; 2013), N��lke, Fl��ttum e Nor��n (2004), which in 79% of the questions, the authors induce the decoding of a content objectively inscribed in the text. In this sense, the notion of understanding a text is compromised, since it is limited to copying contents or transcription exercises, failing to consider the interactive use of language, or rather, failing to expand the student's knowledge in the (re)construction of the text of the meanings. This shows that there is a lack in the deal with the text that includes the textual discursive resources in the reading activities in Portuguese textbooks. We recall, in this direction, the works of Marcuschi (2005), Antunes (2003, 2005), and Bunzen Rojo (2008), among others authors who contributed greatly to orient the choice of Portuguese textbooks. Finally, we believe that the study about the enunciative responsibility phenomenon in Portuguese texto oks offers, above all, instruments in order to the interlocutors identify the elements present in the enunciation and the effects that these elements bring to the (re) construction of the meanings in texts that they read and write in the classroom.